Updated postcode boundaries

The boundaries for postcode areas, districts and sectors were rather out of date on my website. I originally downloaded them from a website that no longer exists. After searching around the web for updated files, I came up empty handed. The ones I found were either just as out of date as mine or had restrictive licensing attached to them.

So I set about building my own, which are now live on the site.

You can stop reading now unless you have an interest in the technical details of how I built the boundary files.

Since the freely available postcode data doesn’t include postcode unit boundaries, just the centre point of each postcode, the first step was to generate approximate boundaries for postcode units. This can be achieved using a Voronoi diagram, which generates polygons around points so that every location in the polygon is closer to the point than any other points. Although the polygons for each postcode unit are not particularly useful or accurate, combining them together at the district and sector level should give a decent approximation of the actual area covered.

The GIS tool QGIS can calculate Voronoi diagrams so I imported the postcode data into SQL Server and ran the Voronoi tool in QGIS. After several hours it hadn’t produced anything and didn’t give me any indication of when it would complete (it was stuck at 99% complete for most of that time).

So I decided to search for some code that could produce the Voronoi diagram so I could run that and would at least have an idea of where it was in the process. I found this bit of C# code that mostly worked. The output from it was edges rather than polygons, so some further work was required to construct polygons from the edges. Once the polygons were created I put those into SQL Server (adding District and Sector fields for later use) so I could work on them further in QGIS.

The next issue was that the polygons created extended far beyond the shores of the UK. This required the use of the ‘Clip vector by mask layer’ tool in QGIS, using a UK border polygon layer as the mask (note to self for next time I do this – this takes hours to complete). Then the postcode units needed to be merged into districts and sectors. The ‘Dissolve’ tool in QGIS can be used for this, using the District and Sector fields as the dissolve field.

I then had two KML files, one with all postcode districts and one with all postcode sectors. I then wrote some C# code to split the files apart so the individual districts and sectors can be displayed and downloaded.